Table 1. Clinical and imaging information.
| SZ | NC | F or χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical information | ||||
| Age | 39.3 (12.8) | 39.1 (12.9) | 0.00 | 0.97 |
| Male (%) | 74.4 | 66.7 | 0.53 | 0.61 |
| Smoker (%) | 53.8 | 22.2 | 7.89 | 0.009 |
| BMI | 29.7 (6.2) | 26.3 (5.0) | 6.50 | 0.013 |
| Working memory | 35.5 (14.0) | 45.0 (12.6) | 8.48 | 0.005 |
| Processing speed | 7.2 (3.0) | 10.3 (2.4) | 22.04 | <0.0001 |
| BPRS total mean | 2.0 (0.47) | NA | NA | NA |
| Imaging measures | ||||
| Left frontal FA | 0.45 (0.04) | 0.47 (0.03) | 6.20 | 0.015 |
| Whole-brain FA | 0.44 (0.04) | 0.46 (0.02) | 4.45 | 0.038 |
| Left frontal glutamate | 7.62 (1.28) | 7.69 (1.30) | 0.58 | 0.81 |
| Left frontal NAA | 9.13 (1.10) | 9.11 (0.92) | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| Left frontal myo-inositol | 5.05 (1.16) | 5.30 (1.11) | 0.84 | 0.36 |
| Left frontal choline | 2.12 (0.36) | 2.25 (0.37) | 2.25 | 0.138 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; FA, fractional anisotropy of white matter; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NA, not available; NC, normal controls; ROI, region of interest; SZ, patients with schizophrenia; NAA, N-acetylaspartate.
Except for gender and smoking status, all values represent means with standard deviation in parentheses. The four metabolites were measured from the frontal white matter. MRS-ROI represents the left frontal white matter voxel where MRS metabolite measurements were made.