TABLE 1.

Species within the genus Campylobacter and their clinical relevance to humans (as of December 2014)^c

Campylobacter speciesa	Clinical manifestations
C. coli	Established pathogen in gastroenteritis; also found in blood, meningitis, and acute cholecystitis
C. concisus	Emerging pathogen associated with gastroenteritis and IBD (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis); also found in Barrett's esophagitis, blood, and brain abscess
C. curvus	Found in gastroenteritis, ulcerative colitis, Barrett's esophagitis, blood, liver, and bronchial abscesses
C. fetusb	Associated with bacteremia; also found in gastroenteritis, brain abscesses, epidural abscess aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid, cellulitis, endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, and peritonitis
C. gracilis	Potential periodontal pathogen; also found in IBD, head and neck infection, and brain abscess
C. hominis	Found in blood and IBD (possibly a commensal in the intestine)
C. helveticus	Found in gastroenteritis
C. hyointestinalis	Found in gastroenteritis and blood
C. insulaenigrae	Found in gastroenteritis and blood
C. jejuni	Established pathogen in gastroenteritis and possible predisposing agent in IBD, postinfectious IBS, and celiac disease; infection may result in sequelae in the forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, Bell's palsy (unilateral facial paralysis), and reactive arthritis; found in IBD, blood, myocarditis, meningitis, acute cholecystitis, urinary tract infection, and acute febrile illnesses associated with leukopenia or thrombocytopenia
C. lari	Associated with gastroenteritis; also found in blood
C. mucosalis	Found in gastroenteritis
C. rectus	Putative periodontal pathogen; also found in gastroenteritis, IBD, vertebral abscess, blood, necrotizing soft tissue infection, and pus
C. showae	Found in IBD, intraorbital abscess, and blood
C. sputorum	Found in gastroenteritis, axillary abscess, and blood
C. upsaliensis	Emerging pathogen in gastroenteritis; also found in breast abscess, blood, and placenta
C. ureolyticus	Associated with gastroenteritis and IBD; also found in oral, perianal, and soft tissue abscesses, soft tissue or bone infections, and ulcers or gangrenous lesions of the lower limb

^aNo disease association in humans has been reported for C. avium, C. canadensis, C. corcagiensis, C. cuniculorum, C. lanienae, C. lari subsp. concheus, C. peloridis, C. subantarcticus, C. troglodytis, C. volucris, “Campylobacter sp. Dolphin DP,” and “Campylobacter sp. Prairie Dog” (as of December 2014).

^bIncludes C. fetus subsp. fetus, C. fetus subsp. venerealis, and C. fetus subsp. testudinum.

^cThe table was updated from the work of Man (1).