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Intramolecular hydrogen bonding and non-fused rings coplanarity in some phenolic structures. a and b – possible intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the catechol and pyrogallol molecules and corresponding phenoxyl radicals [43]; c – AIM-identified intramolecular hydrogen bonds in flavonol molecule with bond critical points [117]; d – dihedral angles between C and D rings in quercetin (−0.4°) and luteolin (15.2°) [46].
