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Change in core temperature in response to forced air heating at 38 °C during spinal surgery with Propofol anesthesia [61]. Data points are from the clinical study without (lower) and with (upper) preheating. Solid lines are simulations for no external heating (bottom), interoperative heating (next higher), preheating + interoperative heating (next higher), and glabrous skin + interoperative heating (top) [60].
