Table II.
Epidemiological studies exploring the associations between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases.
| Studies | Geographic location | Study period | Design | Endometriosis number and ascertainment | AID cases and ascertainment | Risk estimates (RR, OR or SIR and 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sinaii et al. (2002) | US | 1998 | Cross-sectional | 3680 Self-report of a surgical diagnosis |
31 SLE 19 MS 68 RA 23 SS Self-report |
SLE: 20.7 (14.3–29.9) MS: 7.1 (4.4–11.3) RA: 1.5 (1.2–1.9) SS: 23.9 (15.5–36.5) |
| Matorras et al. (2007) | Spain | 1990–2004 | Case–control | 342 Clinical records |
120 SLE 22 SS Clinical records |
SLE: 0.37 (0.09–1.59) SS: 2.17 (0.48–9.90) |
| Petta et al. (2007) | Brazil | 2005–2006 | Cross-sectional | 148 Surgically confirmed |
38 AITD 5 hyperthyroidism 30 hypothyroidism Clinical records |
0.52 (0.25–1.06) 0.09 (0.01–1.65) 1.49 (0.69–3.23) No difference in AITD/thyroid dysfunction risk according to endometriosis stage |
| Aguiar et al. (2009) | Brazil | 2000–2003 | Case–control | 120 Laparoscopically confirmed |
3 CeD Intestinal biopsy |
3.8 (1.03–14.08) |
| Nielsen et al. (2011) | Denmark | 1977–2007 | Retrospective cohort | 37 661 Clinical records |
130 MS 54 SLE 86 SS Clinical records |
MS: 1.2 (1.05–1.5) SLE: 1.6 (1.2–2.1) SS: 1.6 (1.3–2.0) In surgically verified endometriosis: MS: 1.4 (1.04–1.9) SLE: 1.1 (0.6–2.1) SS: 1.4 (0.9–2.3) |
| Stephansson et al. (2011) | Sweden | 1969–2008 | Prospective cohort | 517 Hospital registry records |
11 097 CeD Biopsy reports |
1.39 (1.14–1.70) 1.35 (1.07–1.69) in women aged 16–45 years at study entry |
| Jess et al. (2012) | Denmark | 1977–2007 | Retrospective cohort | 37 661 Clinical records |
228 UC 92 CD Clinical records |
IBD: 1.5 (1.4–1.7) UC: 1.5 (1.3–1.7) CD: 1.6 (1.3–2.0) In surgically verified endometriosis: UC: 1.8 (1.4–2.3) CD: 1.7 (1.2–2.5) |
| Santoro et al. (2014) | Italy | 2012 | Case–control | 223 Laparoscopically confirmed |
7 CeD Intestinal biopsy |
CeD occurrence in endometriosis patients (2.2%) higher than that among controls (0.8%) (P = 0.265) |
AI, autoimmune; AID, autoimmune disease; AITD, autoimmune thyroid disease; CD, Crohn's disease; CeD, celiac disease; CI, confidence interval; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; OR, odds ratio; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RR, relative risk; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjögren's syndrome; UC, ulcerative colitis.