Table 1. Gene expression fold changes between different diapause phases and seasons.
| Gene symbol | Initiation 7D / 7ND | Initiation 7D / 50D | Maintenance 50D / 7D | Overwintering 150D / 50D | Overwintering 150D / 150ND | Termination 1 220D / 150D | Termination 2 250D / 220D | Molecular function/biological process/protein function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Act42A | 2.5** | 6.4*** | — | — | 2.5** | — | — | structural constituent of cytoskeleton |
| Arr1 | — | — | — | — | 3.1** | — | — | opsin binding, photoreceptor cell maintenance |
| Cat | — | — | — | — | 2.9** | — | — | catalase activity |
| CG6785 | — | — | 9.4*** | 6.1*** | 4.0** | — | — | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity |
| CG8630 | — | — | — | — | 3.6** | — | — | voltage-gated potassium channel activity |
| CG15531 | — | — | — | — | 9.3* | — | — | response to heat |
| CG17928 | — | — | — | — | 10.8*** | — | — | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity |
| Droj2 | — | — | — | 3.2*** | 3.2*** | — | — | Wnt-protein binding, signal transduction |
| drpr | — | — | 2.2** | — | 2.2** | — | 2.7*** | locomotor |
| dy | — | — | — | 2.1* | 2.6** | — | — | imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis |
| Eip71CD | — | 4.2*** | — | — | 2.9* | — | 3.3*** | determination of adult lifespan |
| fru | — | — | — | 3.0*** | 2.2** | — | — | multi-organism reproductive process, mating |
| Gale | 2.8** | 2.5*** | — | — | 2.9*** | — | — | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity |
| Hsc70 | — | — | 3.4*** | 3.3*** | 2.9*** | 13.0** | — | heat shock chaperonin-binding |
| ken | — | — | — | — | 2.5*** | — | — | female analia development |
| LanA | — | — | 2.4*** | — | 5.0*** | — | — | immune response; growth; locomotory behavior |
| Mhc | — | 3.9*** | — | — | 2.2** | — | — | actin-dependent ATPase activity |
| ninaD | — | 28.4*** | — | — | 3.1* | — | — | scavenger receptor activity, phototransduction |
| per | 2.1** | — | 2.7*** | 2.1* | 2.2* | — | — | phosphoglycerate mutase activity |
| so | — | — | — | — | 2.0** | — | — | chaperone binding, protein lipidation |
| Thor | — | — | 2.3** | 2.5** | 2.4** | — | — | immune response, determination of adult lifespan |
| vri | — | — | — | 4.0*** | 2.1* | — | — | circadian rhythm |
List of genes that showed significant expression changes with Fold Change (FC) ≥ 2, when the 150-day-old diapausing and non-diapausing females were compared. Table also shows the other diapause phases, where the same genes were upregulated. Molecular function and/or biological process and /or protein function are according to the Flybase version 3_2013.
Significance levels: *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001.