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Intraoperative findings during left cardiac sympathetic denervation in a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. (A) Thoracoscopic port placement. (B–D) Intraoperative findings. The sympathetic chain was identified from T1 to T5 and resected (including the lateral nerve branches) using a harmonic scalpel, while sparing the stellate ganglion (arrow).
