TABLE 3—
Weighted Logistic Regression for Mobility and Participation Restrictions in Icy Conditions: University of Michigan–Thomson Reuters Surveys of Consumers, United States, 2013
| Variable | Great Deal of Difficulty Leaving Home,a OR (95% CI) | Great Deal of Difficulty Driving,a OR (95% CI) | Stay Home From Work/Volunteer Activities,b OR (95% CI) | No Grocery Shopping, OR (95% CI) | No Outdoor Physical Activity, OR (95% CI) |
| Age, y | |||||
| < 65 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 65 | 2.22* (1.12, 4.42) | 3.33*** (1.62, 6.86) | 2.01* (1.01, 4.06) | 1.12 (0.51, 2.44) | 1.41 (0.40, 5.03) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.86 (0.96, 3.61) | 1.90 (0.93, 3.88) | 2.27* (1.17, 4.43) | 3.15*** (1.55, 6.41) | 5.07** (1.48, 17.44) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Minority | 1.45 (0.63, 3.32) | 1.96 (0.79, 4.85) | 1.78 (0.77, 4.12) | 1.05 (0.38, 2.95) | 4.13 (0.33, 20.08) |
| Education | |||||
| < college (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College | 1.10 (0.56, 2.13) | 1.05 (0.52, 2.15) | 1.22 (0.63, 2.38) | 1.87 (0.86, 4.06) | 0.46 (0.13, 1.56) |
| Household income, $1000s | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
| Region of residence | |||||
| Midwest (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Northeast | 2.43* (1.03, 5.75) | 0.96 (0.37, 2.51) | 1.78 (0.78, 4.11) | 2.03 (0.81, 5.13) | 1.37 (0.22, 8.42) |
| South | 4.68*** (2.17, 10.11) | 3.52*** (1.60, 7.77) | 3.71*** (1.72, 7.99) | 4.25** (1.67, 10.83) | 1.04 (0.26, 4.12) |
| West | 1.39 (0.47, 4.06) | 1.20 (0.41, 3.51) | 0.81 (0.28, 2.34) | 0.95 (0.32, 2.78) | 0.34 (0.06, 2.09) |
| Walking impairment | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.09* (1.08, 8.86) | 1.57 (0.52, 4.76) | 1.74 (0.52, 5.91) | 1.01 (0.28, 3.71) | 2.69 (0.13, 57.32) |
| Driving limited | 2.00* (1.01, 4.06) | 1.99 (0.92, 4.34) | 1.11 (0.52, 2.34) | 2.36 (0.97, 5.81) | 1.27 (0.27, 6.03) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. The sample size was n = 231.
a
Reference group was no/a little/some difficulty.
b
Included religious services, school, and social clubs.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001 (2-tailed tests).