Fig. 4.

Furanones disrupt a biofilm and increase the efficiency of antibiotics against biofilm-embedded B.subtilis cells. B.subtilis cells were cultured for 72 h to form a biofilm (A, B, C). Then, furanones were added to a final concentration of 30 µg/ml (threefold excess of MBIC) (D, G, J) in the presence of chloramphenicol (Cm) (E, H, K) or kanamycin (Km) (F, I, L). After 24 h of incubation with an antibiotic, the number of viable cells was analyzed by staining the cells with propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate. The scale bar is 10 µm