Figure 5.

Sequence alignment of human PAD family members. Catalytic residues are highlighted with red asterisks below the alignment. The sequence alignment was generated using Clustal Omega and visualized using Espript 3.0.²²⁹ The consensus sequence is abbreviated as follows: uppercase letters indicate identical residues, lowercase letters indicate consensus level >0.5, “!” represents any conserved residue of isoleucine (I) or valine (V), “$” represents any conserved residue of leucine (L) or methionine (M), “%” represents any conserved residue of phenylalanine (F) or tyrosine (Y), and “#” represents any conserved residue of asparagine (N), aspartate (D), glutamine (Q), or glutamate (E). The relative accessibility of each residue is depicted below the consensus motif: blue indicates accessible residues, cyan marks intermediately accessible residues, white stands for buried residues, and red indicates that the accessibility is not predicted.