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Brain edema model in experimental animals. (A) Cold injury is performed by inflicting freeze stimulation on the hemisphere of the skull of the animal (A1). After cold injury, BBB disruption is indicated by evaluating extravasation of Evans blue dye (A2); (B) Fluid percussion injury is performed by an injury to the intact dura after craniectomy by impacts of rapidly pushed fluid (B1,B2). As well as cold injury, the extravasation of Evans blue dye is observed (B3).
