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Plasma concentration-time profiles of R-α-lipoic acid after intraduodenal administration of R-α-lipoic acid or R-α-lipoic acid/γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex; to rats under sham-operation of common bile duct ligation (A) or common bile duct ligation (B), and to rats co-administered without (C) or with acarbose (D). The profile after intraduodenal administration of R-α-lipoic acid sodium salt to rats (E). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6).
