Table 2.
Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-12, MIP-1α, PDGF, and VEGF in gingival crevicular fluid in the groups that consumed 250 or 500 g bilberries/day or placebo over seven days. Data are presented for median values, 25th and 75th percentile due to non-normal distribution. Exact p-values are presented.
| Cytokine | Median pg/mL | 25% pg/mL | 75% pg/mL | Median pg/mL | 25% pg/mL | 75% pg/mL | Median Ratio | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 250 g bilberry baseline | 250 g bilberry study end point | |||||||
| IL-1ra | 0.7 | 0.2 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 35.8 | 1.8 | 0.715 |
| IL-1β | 18.0 | 10.7 | 144.2 | 29.6 | 6.2 | 146.0 | 0.6 | 0.715 |
| IL-6 | 84.8 | 52.9 | 96.0 | 67.7 | 34.3 | 106.5 | 1.3 | 0.715 |
| IL-12 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.317 |
| IP-10 | 371.5 | 235.9 | 689.0 | 522.5 | 196.7 | 1392.2 | 0.7 | 0.735 |
| MIP-1α | 3.0 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.180 |
| PDGF | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.068 |
| VEGF | 303.7 | 228.9 | 575.3 | 266.8 | 224.9 | 483.1 | 1.1 | 0.263 |
| 500 g bilberry baseline | 500 g bilberry study end point | |||||||
| IL-1ra | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.310 |
| IL-1β | 70.6 | 21.8 | 220.5 | 16.1 | 4.1 | 31.9 | 4.4 | 0.025 |
| IL-6 | 119.3 | 73.9 | 280.5 | 48.7 | 25.2 | 80.0 | 2.4 | 0.012 |
| IL-12 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.310 |
| IP-10 | 389.3 | 135.4 | 990.3 | 176.3 | 113.6 | 659.2 | 2.2 | 0.069 |
| MIP-1α | 3.2 | 1.8 | 7.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 0.107 |
| PDGF | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 0.237 |
| VEGF | 479.6 | 250.6 | 680.5 | 180.6 | 87.0 | 238.6 | 2.7 | 0.017 |
| Placebo baseline | Placebo study end point | |||||||
| IL-1β | 70.9 | 21.8 | 196.5 | 30.5 | 23.4 | 88.1 | 2.3 | 0.674 |
| IL-6 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 0.889 |
| VEGF | 330.9 | 299.6 | 592.4 | 305.1 | 188.7 | 723.2 | 1.1 | 0.889 |