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. 2015 May 18;16(5):11213–11228. doi: 10.3390/ijms160511213

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of statins on chemokine secretion in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall. A human AAA wall was cut into small pieces and cultured with simvastatin (SMV, 10 μM), pitavastatin (PTV, 20 μM), mevalonate (MA, 100 μM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (50 ng/mL) or vehicle (control). (A–D) Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-2 secretion in the conditioned media were analyzed (n = 5). Data are the mean ± standard deviation (SD). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared to the control; ^# p < 0.05 compared to SMV or TNF-α; ^## p < 0.01 compared to TNF-α; (E–H) Levels of CXCL5 secretion in the conditioned media were analyzed (n = 5). Data are the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 compared to the control; ^# p < 0.05 compared to SMV or TNF-α.