Table 1.
Demographic characteristics between those with and without diabetes aged >65 years.
| Variables | Total | DM | Without DM | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 15,083 | 7543 (54.0%) | 7540 (53.9%) | |
| Male | 12,875 | 6438 (46.0%) | 6437 (46.1%) | 0.9919 |
| Income category | ||||
| unemployed | 10,374 | 5220 (37.3%) | 5154 (36.9%) | |
| <20,000 NTD | 16,592 | 8168 (58.4%) | 8424 (60.3%) | |
| >20,000 NTD | 992 | 593 (4.2%) | 399 (2.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Residence | ||||
| Metropolitan | 6054 | 3028 (21.7%) | 3026 (21.6%) | |
| Northern cities | 1893 | 975 (7.0%) | 918 (6.6%) | |
| Southern cities | 1067 | 518 (3.7%) | 549 (3.9%) | |
| Northern counties | 12,401 | 6180 (44.2%) | 6221 (44.5%) | |
| Southern counties | 6421 | 3232 (23.1%) | 3189 (22.8%) | 0.1270 |
| Co morbidities | ||||
| Gout | 928 | 597 (4.3%) | 331 (2.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 6285 | 3893 (27.8%) | 2392 (17.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1858 | 1162 (8.3%) | 696 (5.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Asthma | 1190 | 736 (5.3%) | 454 (3.2%) | <0.0001 |
| COPD | 2629 | 1507 (10.8%) | 1122 (8.0%) | <0.0001 |
| AIDS | 1 | 1 (0.01%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.3174 |
| Connective tissue disease | 399 | 217 (1.6%) | 182 (1.3%) | 0.0781 |
| End stage renal disease | 329 | 204 (1.5%) | 125 (0.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 931 | 647 (4.6%) | 284 (2.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 2093 | 1309 (9.4%) | 784 (5.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Tuberculosis | 623 | 352 (2.6%) | 271 (2.0%) | 0.0006 |
| Medications | ||||
| Sulfonylureas | 10,212 | 10,212 (73.0%) | - | <0.0001 |
| Metformin | 8508 | 8508 (60.8%) | - | <0.0001 |
| Acarbose | 2502 | 2502 (17.9%) | - | <0.0001 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 1305 | 1305 (9.3%) | - | <0.0001 |
| Meglitinides | 2508 | 2508 (17.9%) | - | <0.0001 |
| Insulin | 1531 | 1531 (10.9%) | - | <0.0001 |
| ACEI | 8083 | 5472 (39.1%) | 2611 (18.7%) | <0.0001 |
| ARB | 10,578 | 6969 (49.8%) | 3609 (25.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Beta blockers | 11,916 | 6991 (50.0%) | 4925 (35.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Calcium channel lockers | 17,240 | 10,078 (72.1%) | 7162 (51.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretics | 11,007 | 6857 (49.0%) | 4150 (29.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Hydralazine + nitrate | 76 | 49 (0.4%) | 27 (0.2%) | 0.0115 |
| All nitrates | 36 | 23 (0.2%) | 13 (0.1%) | 0.0955 |
| Isosorbide | 3586 | 2326 (16.6%) | 1260 (9.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Other anti-hypertensives | 8977 | 5379 (38.5%) | 3598 (25.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Statins | 6441 | 4715 (33.7%) | 1726 (12.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Other anti-hyperlipidemia agents | 2796 | 2222 (15.9%) | 574 (4.1%) | <0.0001 |
ACEI = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM = diabetes mellitus.