Table 2.

Characteristics of six European sites and wheat cultivars (Semenov and Shewry, 2011)

Annual precipitation and temperatures (°C) are from historical records (1980–2010). Abs. min.: absolute minimum of daily temperatures; Av. min.: monthly average of minimum temperature; Abs. max: absolute maximum of daily temperatures; Av. max: monthly average of maximum temperature.

Site	Country	ID	Longitude	Latitude	Annual precipitation	Temperature in January		Temperature in July		Cultivar	Sowing
					(mm)	Abs. min	Av. min	Abs. max	Av. max
Tylstrup	Denmark	TR	9.9	57.2	704	–24.4	–2.3	31.2	20.3	Avalon	18/10
Rothamsted	UK	RR	–0.35	51.8	709	–11.1	1.2	33.8	21.7	Mercia	10/10
Debrecen	Hungary	DC	21.6	47.6	524	–28.3	–4.9	37.1	26.5	Thesee	18/10
Clermont-Ferrand	France	CF	3.1	45.8	583	–22.9	–0.3	40.7	25.6	Thesee	15/11
Montagnano	Italy	MO	11.8	43.3	690	–12.1	–1.0	39.3	31.1	Creso	25/11
Seville	Spain	SL	-5.88	37.42	572	–4.4	5.6	46.6	35.6	Cartaya	20/12