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. 2015 May 6;3(5):e12376. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12376

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© 2015 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Admixture proportions of Calchaquíes among Native Americans, Han Chinese, and Europeans at K = 6. Ancestry components are assigned to each individual. Cross-validation error was the lowest for K = 6, which indicates that the population structure observed among the included populations is best explained by 6 distinct ancestry components. Han Chinese, Europeans, Pima, Suruí, Andeans (HA and IA), and Wichí (LA) are characterized by a unique ancestry components; that is, the program assumes a major genetic contribution from separate ancestors for each of these populations. Mixe from Mexico, Piapoco from Colombia, Kaqchikel from Guatemala, and Karitiana from Brazil share the same four Native American admixture components in similar proportions. Chileans (Hul/Chi/Cho/Yag: Hulliche, Chilote, Chono, and Yaghan) display the same four components but the Andean ancestry component accounts for more than 50%. Populations from the Gran Chaco region other than Wichí (Cha/Kai/Gua/Tob: Chané, Kaingang, Guaraní, and Toba) share more than 30% of the Wichí ancestry component.