Table 3.

Correlation (r-vale, 95% CI) with insulin resistance unadjusted and adjusted for measures of adiposity

Amino acids	Unadjusted	Adjusted for BMI (n = 180)	Adjusted for WC (n = 140)
Alanine	0.30 (0.18, 0.43)**	0.27 (0.14, 0.39)**	0.20 (0.03, 0.34)*
Arginine	0.11 (−0.02, 0.24)
Asparagine	−0.03 (−0.17, 0.13)
Aspartic acid	0.37 (0.25, 0.48)**	0.30 (0.16, 0.44)**	0.24 (0.08, 0.39)**
Beta-alanine	0.18 (0.03, 0.31)*	0.14 (0.003, 0.30)	0.17 (−0.02, 0.34)
Citrulline	−0.06 (−0.20, 0.08)
Glutamic acid	0.44 (0.32, 0.55)**	0.32 (0.19, 0.45)**	0.25 (0.09, 0.40)**
Glutamine	−0.13 (−0.25, 0.02)
Glycine	−0.34 (−0.46, −0.20)**	−0.25 (−0.40, −0.10)**	−0.20 (−0.39, −0.02)*
Histidine	0.11 (−0.03, 0.24)
Hydroxyproline (n = 161)	0.29 (0.12, 0.44)**	0.25 (0.08, 0.39)**	0.27 (0.09, 0.43)**
Isoleucine	0.46 (0.33, 0.58)**	0.37 (0.24, 0.49)**	0.30 (0.13, 0.46)**
Leucine	0.40 (0.27, 0.53)**	0.36 (0.21, 0.49)**	0.27 (0.10, 0.44)**
Lysine	0.20 (0.07, 0.33)**	0.14 (−0.005, 0.27)	0.13 (−0.05, 0.31)
Methionine	0.18 (0.04, 0.32)*	0.13 (−0.01, 0.27)	0.04 (−0.13, 0.22)
Ornithine	0.10 (−0.05, 0.25)
Phenylalanine	0.35 (0.23, 0.47)**	0.26 (0.13, 0.39)**	0.20 (0.05, 0.34)*
Proline	0.31 (0.16, 0.45)**	0.23 (0.08, 0.37)**	0.14 (−0.03, 0.30)
Sarcosine	0.09 (−0.04, 0.23)
Serine	−0.14 (−0.29, 0.01)
Threonine	−0.004 (−0.16, 0.15)
Tryptophan	0.15 (0.003, 0.32)
Tyrosine	0.48 (0.34, 0.59)**	0.30 (0.15, 0.43)**	0.21 (0.06, 0.38)*
Valine	0.37 (0.25, 0.50)**	0.28 (0.15, 0.41)**	0.23 (0.08, 0.39)**
Metabolic variables
BMI	0.48 (0.37, 0.58)**	–	–
Waist circumference	0.53 (0.43, 0.63)**	–	–
Fasting glucose	0.38 (0.25, 0.50)**	0.32 (0.20, 0.45)**	0.32 (0.17, 0.46)**
Triglyceride	0.39 (0.26, 0.52)**	0.38 (0.25, 0.49)**	0.28 (0.12, 0.43)**
HDL-C	−0.48 (−0.58, −0.35)**	−0.42 (−0.54, −0.28)**	−0.39 (−0.53, −0.22)**
Insulin (n = 114)	0.74 (0.65, 0.80)**	0.61 (0.52, 0.71)**	0.62 (0.50, 0.72)**

^*P < 0.05

^**P ≤ 0.01. Adjustment for BMI or waist circumference (WC) was made if unadjusted correlations were significant.