Figure 4. Figure 4: Effects of H. radicata flower (HRF) and ethyl acetate extract of H. radicata flower (HRF-EA) on NO and PGE2 production, and on cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cells (1.8 × 105 cells/mL) were pre-incubated for 18 h, and then stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h in the presence of 80 % EtOH extract and solvent fractions of H. radicata L. (12.5, 25, or 50 µg/mL), 2-amino (10 µM 2-amino-4-methylpyridine), or dex (20 µM dexame-thasone). (A) NO and (B) PGE2 production levels. Cytotoxicity was determined using the LDH method. Data are presented as means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared to positive control.
