Figure 6. Effect of ethyl acetate extract of H. radicata flower (HRF-EA) on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cells (1.8 × 105 cells/mL) were pre-incubated for 18 h, and then stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h in the presence of HRF-EA (12.5, 25, or 50 µg/mL). (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, and (C) IL-1ß production were analyzed by ELISA kit. The data are expressed as means ± S.D. of three determinations. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared to positive control.
