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. 2015 May 28;2015:498328. doi: 10.1155/2015/498328

Figure 4.

Figure 4

TNFα negatively regulates EC differentiation: the effect of TNFα on VEGF-A-stimulated differentiation of MSCs into ECs was examined. TNFαR and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR (n = 3) (a). Sox18 protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis (n = 3) (b). Expression of EC markers was determined by FACS analysis, and a representative grid is shown (n = 3-4) ((c)–(g)). Endothelial tube formation was examined using an angiogenesis assay (n = 3) ((d)–(h)). Experiments were performed with samples taken from independent BM-MSC cultures from separate microswine. HUVECs were excluded from statistical analyses. Data are shown as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05 versus naïve MSCs and # p < 0.05 MSCs treated with VEGF-A versus VEGF-A plus TNFα cotreatment.