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. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0128536. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128536

Table 4. Meta regression results: univariate and multivariable models.

Risk factor Type of data Coefficient Coefficient p-value Explained heterogeneity R2 (%) Test for residual heterogeneity Begg’s test
QE df p-value Tau p-value
Univariate models Ward size (average N. of bed) 0.001 0.514 0.0% 656.9 22 < 0.0001 0.3 0.064
Gender (N. Male/Total sample) 0.48 <0.001 41.7% 498.6 28 <0.0001 0.2 0.149
Age (Mean Age) -0.01 0.164 3.3% 680.5 27 <0.0001 0.2 0.081
Length of Stay (Average days) -0.003 0.928 0.0% 207.5 13 <0.001 0.3 0.202
Admission (N. adm/Total sample) 0.05 0.081 3.9% 1037.1 32 <0.0001 0.2 0.139
Involuntary admission (N. inv-adm/Total sample) 0.11 0.003 26.5% 493. 6 20 <0.0001 0.3 0.062
Bipolar disorder (N. Bipolar/Total sample) -0.06 0.739 0.0% 744.2 18 <0.0001 0.3 0.074
Schizophrenia disorder (N. schiz./Total sample) 0.26 0.005 20.5% 708.9 26 <0.0001 0.2 0.129
Personality disorder (N. pers.dis./Total sample) 0.40 0.083 14.0% 522.3 16 <0.0001 0.3 0.151
Alcohol abuse (N.alc.abuse/Total sample) 0.32 0.001 35.3% 547.6 19 <0.0001 0.2 0.125
History of violence (N. pts with history of violence/Total sample) 0.27 0.051 39.7% 22.5 5 0.0004 0.6 0.069
Multivariable Model 1 68.3% 133.6 10 <0.001 0.2 0.240
Variables of the multivariable Model 1 Gender (N. Male/Total sample) 0.28 0.048 - - - - - -
Involuntary admission (N. inv-adm/Total sample) 0.06 0.151 - - - - - -
Schizophrenia disorder (N. schiz./Total sample) 0.16 0.316 - - - - - -
Alcohol abuse (N.alc.abuse/Total sample) 0.21 0.013 - - - - - -
Multivariable Model 2 100% 0.03 1 0.855 0.6 0.136
Variables of the multivariable Model 2 Gender (N. Male/Total sample) -0.21 0.109 - - - - - -
History of violence (N. pts with history of violence/Total sample) 0.42 <0.0001 - - - - - -
Schizophrenia disorder (N. schiz./Total sample) -0.05 0.713 - - - - - -
Alcohol abuse (N.alc.abuse/Total sample) -0.07 0.640 - - - - - -

R2: regression goodness of fit index: % of explained (by covariate) heterogeneity on total heterogeneity; QE: Q statistic for residual (after considering covariates) heterogeneity.