Table 1. Results of Permutational Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) for relative abundance of snapper (MaxN) across the factors.

Source	df	SS	MS	Pseudo-F	P(perm)	Perms	Significance
M	2	15.047	7.5234	9.2458	0.0002	9934	***
Y	11	49.003	4.4549	19.522	0.0001	9915	***
S(M)	6	1.7142	0.28569	1.252	0.2887	9937
M×Y	22	12.159	0.5527	2.422	0.0031	9926	**
Y×S(M)	66	15.061	0.2282	0.8583	0.7666	9843
Res	216	57.428	0.26587
Total	323	150.41
Groups				t	P(perm)	Perms	Difference
SZ, HPZ				3.9273	0.0003	9948	SZ >>> HPZ
SZ, Out				2.8595	0.0027	9953	SZ >> Outside
HPZ, Out				1.4937	0.1085	9941	HPZ = Outside

M = management type; Y = year; S = site (nested in M). SZ = Sanctuary Zone, HPZ = Habitat Protection Zone; Out = Outside. Significant P values (<0.05) shown in bold.

*** P < 0.001,

** P < 0.01,

* P < 0.05.

Pairwise comparisons for Management (Factor: M).