Table 2. Results of Permutational Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) for relative abundance of snapper (MaxN) across the factors.
| Source | df | SS | MS | Pseudo-F | P(perm) | Perms | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | 2 | 28.179 | 14.09 | 5.4178 | 0.0087 | 9959 | ** |
| Y | 1 | 2.5114 | 2.5114 | 2.2889 | 0.1538 | 9823 | |
| S(M) | 15 | 36.14 | 2.4094 | 2.1959 | 0.0803 | 9945 | |
| M×Y | 2 | 1.0634 | 0.5317 | 0.4846 | 0.6269 | 9956 | |
| Y×S(M) | 13 | 14.263 | 1.0972 | 2.0055 | 0.0298 | 9935 | * |
| Res | 102 | 55.804 | 0.54709 | ||||
| Total | 135 | 138.01 | |||||
| Groups | t | P(perm) | Perms | Difference | |||
| SZ, HPZ | 2.5694 | 0.0191 | 9961 | SZ > HPZ | |||
| SZ, Out | 2.9124 | 0.0124 | 9964 | SZ > Outside | |||
| HPZ, Out | 0.42488 | 0.9626 | 9967 | HPZ = Outside |
M = management type; Y = year; S = site (nested in M). SZ = Sanctuary Zone, HPZ = Habitat Protection Zone; Out = Outside. Significant P values (<0.05) shown in bold.
*** P < 0.001,
** P < 0.01,
* P < 0.05.
Pairwise comparisons for Management (Factor: M).