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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 16.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2015 Mar 5;25(6):713–721. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.024

Figure 3. PV+, SST+ and VIP+ interneurons are visually responsive and can be optogenetically suppressed.

Figure 3

(A) Representative images showing ROIs (yellow outlines) used for analysis of calcium responses for PV+, SST+ and VIP+ interneurons and respective neuropil. Scale bars are 10μm. (B) Average traces of calcium transients of representative PV+, SST+ and VIP+ interneurons (top) and neuropil (bottom) as assessed by in vivo two-photon calcium imaging using GCaMP6s. The different colors of the traces represent average ΔF/F curves of different orientations, while grey and black bars at the top represent the presentation of a grey screen and visual stimulus, respectively. Y-axis of neuropil traces have been scaled to match neuronal traces. (C) Mean peak response of PV+, SST+ and VIP+ interneurons. (D) Percentage of PV+, SST+ and VIP+ interneurons neurons responsive to visual stimuli. (E) In vivo two-photon guided cell-attached recordings of an SST+ and a VIP+ interneuron expressing Arch. Grey and black bars above the trace represent the presentation of a grey screen and visual stimulus, respectively. Yellow boxes represent light on epochs. Neuronal activity is increased during visual stimulation, and silenced during amber light illumination. Average spike waveform of SST+ and VIP+ interneurons, scale bars represent 4ms and 1 mV. (F) Optogenetic suppression of SST+, and VIP+ interneurons. Firing rates are average responses to a grey screen and visual stimuli. Results expressed as mean +/− SEM. * P<0.05.