Table 1.
Factors associated with pig herd level African swine fever seropositivity of 144 pig herds in southwest Nigeria, 2013
| Variables | Seropositive n = 40 (%) | Seronegative n = 104 (%) | OR (95 % CI)a | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Location | ||||
| Lagos | 4 (10) | 27 (26) | Ref | |
| Ondo | 4 (10) | 16 (15) | 1.7 (0.3; 10.3) | 0.76 |
| Ekiti | 4 (10) | 13 (12.5) | 2.1 (0.3; 12.9) | 0.58 |
| Osun | 5 (12.5) | 19 (18) | 1.8 (0.3; 10.1) | 0.67 |
| Oyo | 6 (15) | 16 (15) | 2.5 (0.5; 13.9) | 0.34 |
| Ogun | 17 (42.5) | 13 (12.5) | 8.8 (2.2; 41.8) | 0.001 |
| Total No. of pigs on farm | ||||
| Large holder farms (101 – 567) | 7 (17.5) | 19 (18) | Ref | |
| Medium holder farms (51 – 100) | 8 (20) | 30 (29) | 0.7 (0.2; 2.8) | 0.80 |
| Small holder farms (<= 50) | 25 (62.5) | 55 (53) | 1.2 (0.4; 3.9) | 0.88 |
| Season | ||||
| Dry | 21 (52.5) | 18 (17) | 5.3 (2.2; 12.7) | 0.00 |
| Rainy | 19 (47.5) | 86 (83) | ||
| Having slaughter slabs within 1 km radius of the farm | ||||
| Yes | 5 (12.5) | 23 (22) | 0.5 (0.1; 1.5) | 0.28 |
| No | 35 (87.5) | 81 (78) | ||
| Having rubbish heap within 1 km radius of the farm | ||||
| Yes | 29 (72.5) | 64 (61.5) | 1.6 (0.7; 4.1) | 0.30 |
| No | 11 (27.5) | 40 (38.5) | ||
| Having a quarantine/isolation unit within 100 m radius of the regular pen | ||||
| Yes | 13 (32.5) | 13 (12.5) | 3.3 (1.3; 8.9) | 0.01 |
| No | 27 (67.5) | 91 (87.5) | ||
| Farm workers having designated working clothes | ||||
| Yes | 28 (70) | 85 (82) | 0.5 (0.2; 1.3) | 0.19 |
| No | 12 (30) | 19 (18) | ||
| Taking of shower/bath at work | ||||
| Yes | 26 (65) | 52 (50) | 1.9 (0.8; 4.3) | 0.15 |
| No | 14 (35) | 52 (50) | ||
| Lending out of service boars | ||||
| Yes | 8 (20) | 33 (32) | 0.5 (0.2; 1.4) | 0.23 |
| No | 32 (80) | 71 (68) | ||
| Daily cleaning of pen floor | ||||
| Yes | 36 (90) | 95 (91) | 0.9 (0.2; 4.0) | 1.00 |
| No | 4 (10) | 9 (19) | ||
| Daily disinfection of pen floor | ||||
| Yes | 8 (20) | 25 (24) | 0.8 (0.3; 2.1) | 0.78 |
| No | 32 (80) | 79 (76) | ||
| Daily cleaning of working utensils | ||||
| Yes | 28 (70) | 71 (68) | 1.1 (0.4; 2.6) | 1.00 |
| No | 12 (30) | 33 (32) | ||
| Daily disinfection of working utensils | ||||
| Yes | 9 (22.5) | 21 (20) | 1.1 (0.4; 3.0) | 0.92 |
| No | 31 (77.5) | 83 (80) | ||
| Snacking or eating while working | ||||
| Yes | 10 (25) | 19 (18) | 1.5 (0.6; 3.8) | 0.50 |
| No | 30 (75) | 85 (82) | ||
| Wearing of work clothes outside of farm | ||||
| Yes | 8 (20) | 15 (14) | 1.5 (0.5; 4.2) | 0.56 |
| No | 32 (80) | 89 (86) | ||
| Source of replacement stock | ||||
| External source | 31 (62.5) | 54 (52) | 3.2 (1.3; 8.3) | 0.01 |
| Internal source | 9 (37.5) | 50 (48) | ||
| Feeding of swill | ||||
| Yes | 22 (55) | 59 (57) | 0.9 (0.4; 2.1) | 1.00 |
| No | 18 (45) | 45 (43) | ||
| Having carcass disposal or burying site within 1 km radius of farm | ||||
| Yes | 27 (67.5) | 59 (57) | 1.6 (0.7; 3.7) | 0.32 |
| No | 13 (32.5) | 45 (43) | ||
| Presence of nearby pig farms (within 1 km radius) | ||||
| Yes | 21 (52.5) | 59 (57) | 0.8 (0.4; 1.9) | 0.79 |
| No | 19 (47.5) | 45 (43) | ||
| Sharing of farm workers among fellow farmers | ||||
| Yes | 4 (10) | 13 (12.5) | 0.8 (0.2; 2.8) | 0.93 |
| No | 36 (90) | 91 (87.5) | ||
| Sharing of working utensils among fellow farmers | ||||
| Yes | 3 (7.5) | 5 (5) | 1.6 (0.2; 8.7) | 0.78 |
| No | 37 (92.5) | 99 (95) | ||
| Farm workers having a designated work footwear | ||||
| Yes | 27 (67.5) | 77 (74) | 0.7 (0.3; 1.8) | 0.56 |
| No | 13 (32.5) | 27 (26) |
aOdds ratio (95 % Confidence interval)