Table 2.

Summary of results of experimental studies on cognitive procedural learning in Korsakoff’s syndrome

Author	Year	Sample	Task	Outcome
Cohen & Squire	1980	4 KS 1 ABD 3 ECT 6 HC	Mirror reading	KS, ABD and ECT patients acquired the skill at an equivalent rate as HC and retained it for 3 months.
Martone et al.	1984	8 KS 10 HD 10 HC	Mirror reading	KS, but not HD patients acquired the skill at a normal rate, but KS patients did not recognize the words while HD patients did.
Beaunieux et al.	1998	1 KS 1 ALC 10 HC	Mirror reading Tower of Hanoi	Both cognitive skills were learned at the same rate in KS as in HC and preserved after 1.5 h.
Wood et al.	1982	6 KS	Fibonacci’s law	All patients showed substantial gain of performance that was somewhat maintained after 1 day and 17 weeks.
Fama et al.	2006	4 KS 9 ALC 6 HC	Gollin Incomplete Picture Test	KS, ALC and HC had comparable levels of perceptual learning after correction for visuospatial impairment. Retention was normal after 1 h, but lower after 1 day in the KS patients. There was no transfer of learning over sets of pictures in KS.
Butters et al.	1985	5 KS 1 TUM 1 ENC 15 HD 12 HC	Tower of Hanoi	KS, TUM, ENC and HD patients were impaired relative to HC. KS patients showed some evidence of learning.
Beaunieux et al.	2013	14 KS 15 ALC 15 HC	Tower of Toronto	10 KS were able to perform the task, but obtained lower results than both CS and AL.

KS Korsakoff’s syndrome, ALC Alcoholics, HC Healthy Controls, ABD acquired brain damage, HD Huntington’s disease, ECT Electroconvulsive therapy induced amnesia, TUM Brain Tumor, ENC Encephalitic amnesia