Table 5.

Summary of results of clinical studies on the application of errorless learning techniques in Korsakoff’s syndrome

Author	Year	Sample	Intervention	Outcome
Wilson et al.	1994	1 KS	Programming an electronic aid	The patient acquired the skill of entering information into an electronic memory aid. EL was more effective than TEL.
Komatsu et al.	2000	8 KS	Learning face-name relationships	KS patients learned face-name relationships over four consecutive learning sessions. The proportion of correctly learned names was higher in EL than in TEL.
Kessels et al.	2007	10 KS	Route learning	KS patients showed increased task performance on a route learning task over five consecutive sessions. EL and TEL were equally effective.
Oudman et al.	2013	16 KS	IADL learning	Both EL and TEL resulted in increased performance on the IADL over eight sessions, but in a follow-up after 4 weeks performance was only still elevated in TEL.

KS Korsakoff’s syndrome, EL Errorless learning, TEL Trial and Error Learning, IADL Instrumental Activity of Daily Living