Table 1.
Proportion of Participants Who Used and the Average Pain Relief Ratings for Each Treatment
| Treatment | % Ever Used |
% Still Using* |
Pain Relief Rating** Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medications | |||
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 82.4 | 69.9 (72/103) | 5.1 (2.7) |
| Acetaminophen | 78.4 | 58.2 (57/98) | 4.8 (2.6) |
| Baclofen | 46.4 | 55.2 (32/58) | 4.8 (3.5) |
| Opioid medications | 42.4 | 37.7 (20/53) | 6.6 (2.9) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 27.2 | 38.2 (13/34) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| Benzodiazepines | 25.6 | 43.8 (14/32) | 6.4 (2.5) |
| Gabapentin | 23.2 | 62.1(18/29) | 5.1 (2.8) |
| Carbamazepine | 17.6 | 40.9 (9/22) | 4.2 (4.2) |
| Dilantin | 6.4 | 12.5 (1/8) | 2.9 (3.6) |
| Mexiletine | 2.4 | 66.7 (2/3) | 5.7 (5.1) |
| Other Physical Modalities | |||
| Strengthening exercises | 68.0 | 62.3 (53/85) | 4.5 (2.8) |
| Physical therapy | 64.8 | 16.0 (13/81) | 3.8 (2.9) |
| Massage | 54.4 | 35.3 (24/68) | 5.6 (2.4) |
| Heat | 53.6 | 49.2 (33/67) | 5.0 (2.5) |
| Ice | 52.8 | 43.9 (29/66) | 4.4 (2.4) |
| Mobility or range of motion exercises | 48.0 | 66.7 (40/60) | 4.2 (3.1) |
| Chiropractic care | 40.8 | 19.6 (10/51) | 3.9 (3.3) |
| Acupuncture | 27.2 | 5.9 (2/34) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| TENS+ | 12.8 | 12.5 (2/16) | 4.7 (2.8) |
| Nerve blocks | 8.8 | 0 (0/11) | 6.7 (3.0) |
| Psychological Interventions | |||
| Counseling or Psychotherapy | 27.2 | 41.1 (14/34) | 3.7 (3.2) |
| Biofeedback or Relaxation Training | 19.2 | 20.8 (5/24) | 3.9 (2.5) |
| Hypnosis | 3.2 | 25.0 (1/4) | 7.3 (2.5) |
| Other interventions | |||
| Magnets | 22.4 | 10.7 (3/28) | 2.0 (2.9) |
| Marijuana | 17.6 | 54.5 (12/22) | 6.1 (2.7) |
*
the % currently using it is the proportion of those report current use/ the number reporting ever trying the treatment
**
0 = no pain relief to 10 = complete pain relief
+
TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation