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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2015 May 19;61:162–177. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.028

Figure 8. Comparison of joint tissue cytokine profile by quantitative PCR.

Figure 8

Joint tissue sections were excised at days 18 (indicated in black bars) and 28 (indicated in gray bars), post-adjuvant administration and analyzed for local cytokine expression. The levels are expressed as ratio of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), and IL-10 (D) cytokines to β-actin and reported as arbitrary units (a.u.). Beta-actin was used as an internal loading control. The values are presented as Mean ± S.D. (n=12 paws/group). ***p<0.0001. Treatment with tuftsin-modified nanoparticles containing murine IL-10 cytokine plasmid DNA at 100μg dose resulted in sustained transgene expression at the local site and accordingly, expression of pro-inflammatory markers were alleviated. Samples were not collected past day 28, post-adjuvant administration as the signs of inflammation were observed in the targeted nanoparticle group accompanied with loss of body weight.