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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2015 May 19;61:162–177. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.028

Figure 9. Serum Cytokine-Specific ELISA.

Figure 9

Represents the serum levels of the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in different treatment groups at Day 18 (indicated in black bars) and 28 (indicated in gray bars), post-adjuvant administration. The values are presented as Mean ± S.D. (n=5 animals/group). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (A–C) were observed in arthritis-bearing rats (no treatment), naked plasmid DNA, blank-tuftsin-peptide modified nanoparticle, and scrambled-peptide modified nanoparticle treatment groups. Significant higher serum levels of IL-10 obtained in case of tuftsin-modified nanoparticle treatment led to delay in the onset of inflammation. ***p<0.0001, *p<0.01. Samples were not collected past day 28, post-adjuvant administration when the signs of inflammation were observed in the targeted nanoparticle group accompanied with loss of body weight.