Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Oral Microbiol. 2015 Jan 21;30(4):255–268. doi: 10.1111/omi.12090

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Field-emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) (A) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (B) analysis of biofilms and Glucan measurement (C). (A) For FE-SEM analysis, Streptococcus mutans wild-type UA159 and the PdxR mutant, TW296 were grown in biofilm medium (BM) sucrose on hydroxylapatite (HA) disks for 24 h. Relative to the wild-type, biofilms of the PdxR-deficient mutant appeared to be tight and flat, and contained little or no extracellular glucans. Images were taken at 5000×. (B) CLSM images show 24-h biofilms grown on HA disks with BM glucose and stained with Live/Dead Baclight bacterial viability kit (Invitrogen). Results showed PdxR-deficiency significantly decreased biofilm formation. Images presented here are representatives of xyz, xz and yz images (512 × 512). (C) Glucans in the biofilms of different strains were measured using a phenol–sulfuric acid assay. The results showed that relative to the wild-type, PdxR-deficiency in TW296 significantly reduced glucan production (*P < 0.01). Complementation in TW296C partly restored the production (#P < 0.05).