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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Sep 12;114(4):595–602. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.007

Table 1.

Measures of inter-rater reliability for NEMS-R items for all outlets, fast food restaurants, and bodegas (n=102)a

All outlets Fast food Bodegas
Categorical measures Kappa Percent agree Kappa Percent agree Kappa Percent agree
Availability of healthy foods
Healthy entrée 0.807 97.0 0.767 94.3 1.000 100.0
Healthy main-dish salads 0.560 91.2 0.415 85.2 0.846 97.9
Fruit without added sugar/syrup 0.592 80.4 0.203 74.1 0.735 87.5
Nonfried vegetable 0.832 94.1 N/Ab 98.2 0.792 89.6
Baked chips 0.910 96.1 0.930 98.2 0.875 93.8
Whole-grain bread 0.588 79.4 0.435 75.9 0.612 83.3
Diet soda 1.000 100.0 1.000 100.0 1.000 100.0
100% fruit juice 0.441 81.2 0.348 69.8 0.368 93.8
1% or nonfat milk 0.473 75.5 0.259 63.0 0.744 89.6
Salad bar 0.245 84.0 0.149 78.8 0.388 89.6
Low-fat salad dressing 0.653 97.0 0.485 96.2 0.143 97.9
Nutrition information
Nutrition information available at visit 0.824 91.2 0.153 87.0 −0.021 95.8
Nutrition information at point-of- purchase 0.073 68.6 −0.226 40.7 N/Ab 100.0
Nutrition information on menu 0.941 97.1 0.372 94.4 N/Ab 100.0
Healthy entrees identified on menu 0.293 92.2 0.253 85.2 N/Ab 100.0
Facilitators/barriers to healthy eating
Healthy requests encouraged (menu) 0.492 98.0 0.485 96.2 N/Ab 100.0
Large portions encouraged (menu) −0.013 97.1 −0.025 94.4 N/Ab 100.0
Special requests discouraged (menu) N/Ab 100.0 N/Ab 100.0 N/Ab 100.0
Healthy options highlighted (signs) 0.261 95.1 0.294 92.6 N/Ab 97.9
Healthy eating encouraged (signs) −0.041 91.2 −0.080 83.3 N/Ab 100.0
Unhealthy eating encouraged (signs) 0.362 89.2 0.298 79.6 N/Ab 100.0
Overeating encouraged (signs) N/Ab 98.0 N/Ab 96.3 N/Ab 100.0
Low-carbohydrate promotion N/Ab 100.0 N/Ab 100.0 N/Ab 100.0
Pricing
Combination meal cheaper than sum of prices of individual items 1.000 100.0 1.000 100.0 1.000 100.0
Healthy entrees cost more than regular entrees −0.115 72.5 −0.225 55.6 N/Ab 91.7
Charge for shared entrée −0.037 92.8 −0.069 86.8 N/Ab 100.0
Reduced-sized portions available −0.020 96.0 −0.026 94.3 N/Ab 97.9
Designated smaller portion costs less than regular portion −0.014 97.0 −0.019 96.2 N/Ab 97.8
“All-you-can-eat” or “unlimited” available N/Ab 98.0 N/Ab 96.3 N/Ab 100.0
% of entrees that are healthy 0.784 0.743 1.000
% of main-dish salads that are healthy 0.566 0.419 0.856
a

Measures of inter-rater reliability are based on data from Sample 2, which includes 31 food outlets from Sample 1 that were assessed by more than one rater and an additional 71 food outlets from a supplementary convenience sample. Sample 1 includes bodegas and fast food restaurants sampled from high-density commercial streets in high- and low-poverty neighborhoods in New York City. High-poverty neighborhoods are census tracts in the top third of poverty rates city-wide; low-poverty neighborhoods are census tracts in the bottom third of poverty rates.

b

Kappa statistic could not be calculated.

c

For continuous variables, Spearman correlation coefficients were reported. All correlation coefficients had a p-value less than 0.01.