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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2015 Apr 21;0:193–199. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.014

Table 1.

Estimates of excess deceased blacks (1970–2004), hypothetical survivors and votes lost (2004)

State Total Black Excess Deceased (1970–2004) Hypothetical Black Survivors to 2004 Voting-age Hypothetical Black Survivors to 2004 Voting-age Hypothetical Survivors as Percent of Black VAP Total Black Votes Lost Black Votes Lost for Kerry Votes Lost for Kerry as Percent of Total Votes Lost Black Votes Lost for Bush Votes Lost for Bush as Percent of Total Votes Lost Votes Lost as Percent of Total Black Votes
New York 256,004 193,672 183,654 8.7 88,657 77,238 87.1 11,419 12.9 9.5
Illinois 191,485 140,224 130,406 10.0 55,945 50,459 90.2 5,486 9.8 10.3
Florida 170,230 107,659 99,705 5.6 54,110 44,364 82.0 9,746 18.0 6.2
California 162,482 120,635 112,673 6.8 59,268 48,841 82.4 10,427 17.6 8.2
Texas 158,970 106,493 100,065 5.6 65,143 56,386 86.6 8,757 13.4 7.3
Georgia 154,380 102,343 95,052 5.3 47,286 39,728 84.0 7,558 16.0 5.8
North Carolina 142,957 92,549 86,960 6.7 59,292 49,271 83.1 10,021 16.9 6.8
Pennsylvania 132,674 90,276 84,579 9.6 71,932 62,099 86.3 9,833 13.7 9.8
Michigan 128,294 97,609 90,554 9.1 59,691 54,239 90.9 5,452 9.1 9.8
Louisiana 112,055 76,624 71,700 7.2 42,037 37,016 88.1 5,021 11.9 8.1
Virginia 107,365 67,084 62,771 6.0 56,231 50,205 89.3 6,026 10.7 8.3
New Jersey 103,858 80,155 75,049 9.1 54,188 44,925 82.9 9,263 17.1 10.5
South Carolina 101,121 65,970 62,175 7.3 35,223 29,599 84.0 5,624 16.0 7.5
Ohio 100,113 68,586 63,685 6.8 37,365 30,659 82.1 6,706 17.9 6.9
Maryland 99,806 73,179 68,118 6.0 41,133 36,539 88.8 4,594 11.2 7.4
Alabama 90,602 58,313 54,778 6.7 34,753 31,380 90.3 3,373 9.7 7.5
Tennessee 75,011 45,494 41,774 6.2 26,181 22,899 87.5 3,282 12.5 8.1
D.C. 70,120 48,012 46,425 18.5 21,501 20,735 96.4 766 3.6 17.6
Mississippi 68,700 49,031 45,604 6.4 29,990 27,378 91.3 2,612 8.7 7.8
Missouri 57,089 37,961 35,331 7.8 18,933 17,205 90.9 1,728 9.1 9.0
Indiana 38,192 26,732 24,663 6.7 13,997 12,696 90.7 1,301 9.3 8.2
Arkansas 32,396 20,396 19,254 6.7 11,389 9,551 83.9 1,838 16.1 7.2
Kentucky 22,080 11,622 10,974 5.0 9,565 8,370 87.5 1,195 12.5 6.4
Connecticut 20,125 16,068 14,902 6.5 6,089 5,438 89.3 651 10.7 6.7
Massachusetts 16,981 13,999 12,889 4.7 7,304 6,949 95.1 355 4.9 6.3
Wisconsin 16,511 13,433 11,751 5.6 8,915 7,499 84.1 1,416 15.9 6.1
Oklahoma 14,568 9,473 8,756 4.6 6,853 5,003 73.0 1,850 27.0 5.5
Delaware 10,460 6,984 6,437 5.6 5,054 4,382 86.7 672 13.3 6.8
Washington 8,274 6,204 5,602 3.5 2,705 2,073 76.6 632 23.4 4.8
Arizona 7,159 5,024 4,440 3.3 2,671 2,085 78.1 586 21.9 5.5
Colorado 7,139 5,518 4,852 3.7 4,759 3,770 79.2 989 20.8 6.4
Minnesota 5,877 5,116 4,353 3.1 3,694 3,176 86.0 518 14.0 4.2
Nevada 3,973 3,490 3,038 2.6 1,852 1,606 86.7 246 13.3 3.2
Total 2,687,051 1,865,928 1,742,969 7.0 1,043,706 903,763 86.6 139,943 13.4 7.9