Table 2.

Genetic alterations occurring in T-progenitor ALL and their correlation with outcome

Gene names	Alteration	Frequency	Prognosis	References
NOTCH1	Sequence mutation	~50 % of T-ALL	Associated with favourable outcome	[89–92]
FBXW7	Sequence mutation	~20 % of T-ALL	Associated with favourable outcome	[85, 86]
PTEN	Deletion or sequence mutation	6–8 % of T-ALL	Associated with poor response to chemotherapy	[86]
CDKN2A/B	Deletion	30–70 % of T-ALL	Associated with poor outcome	[93, 94]
CDKN1A	Deletion or sequence mutation	12 % of T-ALL	Not known	[85, 95]
6q15-16.1	Deletion	12 % of T-ALL	Associated with poor outcome	[85]
PHF6	Deletion or sequence mutation	16 % of pediatric T-ALL cases 38 % of adult T-ALL cases	Associated with poor outcome	[86]
WT1	Frameshift mutation	13 % of pediatric T-ALL cases 12 % of adult T-ALL cases	No association with outcome	[96, 97]
LEF1	Focal deletion or sequence mutation	15 % of pediatric T-ALL cases	Associated with better overall survival	[98]
JAK1	Sequence mutation	18 % of adult T-ALL cases	Associated with poor outcome	[94]
FLT3	Internal tandem duplication	4 % of adult T-ALL cases: 3 % of pediatric T-ALL case	No association with outcome	[88, 89]
PTPN2	Deletion	6 % of T-ALL	Down-regulation of PTPN2 expression results in prolonged survival of ALL-SIL cells after imatinib treatment	[99]