Table 2.
Neuroanatomical associations of auditory hedonic symptoms in the patient cohort.
| Auditory hedonic symptom | Brain region | Side | Cluster size (voxels) | Co-ordinates (mm) |
z-score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||||
| FTLD | |||||||
| Any hedonic alteration | Anterior superior temporal gyrus | R | 3002 | 54 | 15 | −9 | 4.86 |
| Anterior superior temporal sulcus | R | 51 | 5 | −15 | 4.43 | ||
| Environmental sound aversion | Anterior temporal cortex | R | 5275 | 42 | 17 | −26 | 4.88 |
| Nucleus accumbens | R | 668 | 3 | 15 | −9 | 4.24 | |
| Amygdala | L | 413 | −20 | −3 | −26 | 3.66 | |
| Inferior temporal gyrus | R | 209 | 50 | 0 | −39 | 3.72 | |
| Music aversion | Hippocampus/amygdala | R | 2864 | 26 | −25 | −24 | 4.69 |
| Mid – posterior insula | R | 44 | −1 | −12 | 4.20 | ||
| Entorhinal/parahippocampal cortex | R | 24 | 2 | −35 | 4.10 | ||
| Mid – posterior insula | L | 128 | −42 | −9 | −5 | 3.83 | |
| AD | |||||||
| Environmental sound aversion | Anterior cingulate cortex | L | 87 | −12 | 32 | 31 | 4.21 |
All regions of grey matter atrophy shown were significantly associated with auditory hedonic symptoms at threshold p < .05FWE corrected for multiple comparisons within the pre-specified anatomical small region of interest; associations in bold were additionally significant at p < .05FWE corrected over the whole brain volume. All significant clusters >40 voxels are shown and peak (local maximum) coordinates are in Montreal Neurological Institute standard stereotactic space (see also Fig. 2). AD, Alzheimer's disease; FTLD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration. See text for explanation of symptom classifications.