Table 3.
Factors associated with catch-up growth (Z-score ≥ -2 SD) after ART initiation, according to Weight-for-Age, Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Height / BMI-for-age indicators among malnourished HIV-infected children (Z-score< -2SD), adjusted Cox model analysis. IeDEA West African paediatric cohort.
| Baseline variables | Adjusted model WAZ* | Adjusted model HAZ* | Adjusted model WHZ/BAZ* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| aHR† | (95% CI) | P-value | aHR† | (95% CI) | P-value | aHR† | (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age groups (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.026 | ||||||
| [5-10] | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |||
| [0-2] | 2.34 | (1.87-2.94) | 2.03 | (1.58-2.60) | 1.21 | (0.96-1.51) | |||
| [2-3] | 2.35 | (1.82-3.03) | 1.98 | (1.52-2.56) | 1.25 | (0.95-1.65) | |||
| [3-4] | 1.80 | (1.33-2.44) | 1.71 | (1.29-2.28) | 1.69 | (1.21-2.36) | |||
| [4-5] | 1.60 | (1.18-2.18) | 1.53 | (1.12-2.09) | 1.37 | (0.98-1.91) | |||
| Gender | 0.008 | 0.497 | 0.016 | ||||||
| Girl | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |||
| Boy | 0.80 | (0.68-0.95) | 0.94 | (0.79-1.12) | 0.81 | (0.68-0.96) | |||
| Immunodeficiency status‡ | 0.005 | 0.118 | 0.233 | ||||||
| No immunodeficiency | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |||
| Moderate | 1.18 | (0.85-1.63) | 1.00 | (0.75-1.34) | 0.97 | (0.70-1.34) | |||
| Severe | 1.31 | (0.99-1.72) | 1.04 | (0.75-1.46) | 1.21 | (0.92-1.59) | |||
| Missing | 0.90 | (0.66-1.23) | 0.78 | (0.56-1.08) | 1.04 | (0.75-1.43) | |||
| Time period of ART initiation | 0.940 | 0.031 | |||||||
| 2009-2012 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||
| 2001-2004 | 0.95 | (0.70-1.29) | - | - | 0.66 | (0.48-0.91) | |||
| 2005-2008 | 1.00 | (0.83-1.19) | - | - | 0.87 | (0.73-1.04) | |||
| Malnutrition | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Moderate (-3 ≤ Z-score < -2) | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |||
| Severe (Z-score < -3) | 0.42 | (0.36-0.50) | 0.33 | (0.27-0.39) | 0.52 | (0.44-0.62) | |||
| First line regimen§ | 0.851 | 0.222 | |||||||
| 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or 3 NRTIs | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 0.846 | ||
| 2 NRTIs + 1 PI | 1.02 | (0.83-1.26) | 0.87 | (0.70-1.09) | 1.02 | (0.81-1.29) | |||
| Countries | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |||
| Benin | 0.98 | (0.65-1.47) | 0.92 | (0.53-1.61) | 0.92 | (0.59-1.42) | |||
| Burkina Faso | 1.16 | (0.82-1.64) | 1.80 | (1.26-2.57) | 0.46 | (0.32-0.67) | |||
| Ghana | 1.98 | (0.96-1.49) | 1.84 | (1.36-2.49) | 2.10 | (1.51-2.91) | |||
| Mali | 1.20 | (0.96-1.49) | 1.64 | (1.31-2.06) | 1.16 | (0.93-1.46) | |||
| Senegal | 2.16 | (1.58-2.97) | 1.83 | (1.31-2.06) | 1.28 | (0.93-1.78) | |||
*
WAZ: Weight-for-Age Z-score, HAZ: Height-for-Age Z-score, WHZ/BAZ: Weight-for-Height Z-score or Body Mass Index-for-Age Z-score
†
HR: Hazard Ratio, aHR: adjusted Hazard Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval,
‡
Defined by age according to WHO 2006 guidelines,
§
NRTI: Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor, NNRTI : Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, PI : Protease Inhibitor.