Table 1.
Sample characteristics*
| Men (n 2705) | Women (n 3182) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| DGAI-2010* | 55.3 | 10.7 | 61.0 | 10.5 |
| Offspring/Third Generation (%/%) | 39.6/60.4 | 39.5/60.5 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 48.8 | 13.6 | 48.3 | 13.7 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.2 | 4.6 | 26.5 | 6.0 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 61.8 | 10.6 | 64.7 | 10.2 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL | 4.4 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 1.1 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 136.9 | 99.7 | 110.1 | 67.0 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 102.5 | 22.9 | 95.1 | 19.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 7.4 | 4.4 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 28.8 | 19.5 | ||
| Hypertension medication (%) | 20.8 | 15.9 | ||
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 16.3 | 9.3 | ||
| Hormone replacement therapy (%) | - | 15.7 | ||
| Prevalent CVD (%) | 8.0 | 3.3 | ||
| Smoked in 6 hrs prior to testing (%) | 9.3 | 8.1 | ||
| Walk test prior to vascular testing (%) | 14.5 | 15.8 | ||
| Vascular characteristics | ||||
| Baseline brachial diameter (mm) | 4.84 | 0.63 | 3.58 | 0.51 |
| Flow-mediated dilation (%) | 3.72 | 2.95 | 5.66 | 4.01 |
| Baseline mean flow velocity (cm/s) | 8.1 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 3.9 |
| Hyperemic mean flow velocity (cm/s) | 53.7 | 19.1 | 61.7 | 20.3 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 93.2 | 11.0 | 88.1 | 11.6 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 8.4 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 2.6 |
| Augmentation index (%) | 4.9 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 12.9 |
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
1
Means ± SD for continuous variables, percentage for dichotomous variables.
*
DGAI-2010 range is 0–100 possible points.