Table 1.
Participants characteristics stratified by daily exposure to biomass fuel use status.
| Participant Characteristics | Non-user of biomass fuel | Daily users of biomass fuels | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 495 | 509 | |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 55.0 (12.3) | 55.6 (12.4) | 0.46 |
| Men, n (%) | 255 (51.5) | 230 (45.2) | 0.05 |
| Rural site, n (%) | 3.4 | 95.1 | <0.001 |
| Lowest wealth tertile, n (%) | 109 (22.0) | 362 (71.7) | <0.001 |
| <6 years of education, n (%) | 61 (12.3) | 325 (63.9) | <0.001 |
| Anthropometrics | |||
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.9 (4.3) | 25.2 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 130 (26.3) | 57 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference in cm, mean (SD) | 92.9 (10.6) | 84.6 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Height in cm, mean (SD) | 157.1 (9.0) | 155.3 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension outcomes | |||
| Prehypertension, n (%) | 33 (7.6) | 79 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 56 (12.9) | 51 (11.7) | 0.58 |
| Use of anti-hypertensive medications, n (%) | 39 (7.9) | 8 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Lung function | |||
| Post-bronchodilator FVC in L, mean (SD) | 3.75 (1.06) | 3.61 (1.02) | 0.04 |
| % predicted FVC, mean (SD) | 111.0 (15.8) | 112.0 (17.3) | 0.36 |
| Factors that may modify blood pressure | |||
| Tobacco smoking in pack-years, mean (SD) | 0.93 (4.4) | 0.30 (2.1) | 0.004 |
| Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 97 (19.6) | 84 (16.5) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 30 (6.3) | 17 (3.5) | 0.05 |
| Low physical activity, n (%) | 395 (80.1) | 379 (74.6) | 0.04 |
| Depressive symptoms, n (%) | 93 (18.6) | 168 (33.1) | <0.001 |
| Use of lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 16 (3.2) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Use of diabetes medication, n (%) | 17 (3.4) | 6 (1.2) | 0.02 |