Table 1.
Participant characteristics by race and 25(OH)D quintile*, ARIC Visit 2 (1990–1992). [* Note Quintiles 2 and 4 not shown for space, but found in Supplemental Tables 1 and 2]. Data presented as means(SD) or % unless noted.
| Blacks | Whites | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Quintile 1 (n=1261) | Quintile 3 (n=426) | Quintile 5 (n=156) | Quintile 1 (n=1128) | Quintile 3 (n=1963) | Quintile 5 (n=2233) | |
| 25(OH)D (ng/ml), median | 13.4 | 23.5 | 33.8 | 14.2 | 23.8 | 35.2 |
| Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms | ||||||
| rs7041 | ||||||
| TT | 74.0 | 68.9 | 57.6 | 26.9 | 20.3 | 12.0 |
| TG | 23.4 | 27.4 | 38.4 | 48.6 | 50.2 | 47.6 |
| GG | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 24.5 | 29.5 | 40.4 |
| rs4588 | ||||||
| CC | 78.2 | 83.9 | 93.3 | 40.3 | 48.6 | 63.7 |
| AC | 20.7 | 14.6 | 6.7 | 45.9 | 42.9 | 33.0 |
| AA | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 8.5 | 3.3 |
| Age (years) | 55.3(5.5) | 56.7(6.1) | 57.9(5.8) | 56.6(5.6) | 56.9(5.6) | 57.2(5.7) |
| Female | 75.7 | 61.5 | 40.4 | 72.6 | 52.3 | 52.1 |
| Study Site | ||||||
| Minneapolis, MN | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 35.6 | 39.4 | 35.2 |
| Washington County, MD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 36.5 | 33.1 | 30.9 |
| Forsyth County, NC | 12.6 | 9.2 | 10.9 | 27.9 | 27.5 | 33.9 |
| Jackson, MS | 87.4 | 90.8 | 89.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| ** Education | ||||||
| <High school | 32.2 | 44.1 | 48.7 | 15.5 | 13.5 | 15.3 |
| High school or vocational school | 31.6 | 24.9 | 21.2 | 48.4 | 44.0 | 47.1 |
| College, graduate, or professional school | 36.2 | 31.0 | 30.1 | 36.1 | 42.5 | 37.6 |
| Smoking Status | ||||||
| Never | 48.3 | 49.1 | 32.7 | 36.4 | 41.9 | 38.1 |
| Former | 26.0 | 30.0 | 37.8 | 31.8 | 39.1 | 43.5 |
| Current | 25.7 | 20.9 | 29.5 | 31.8 | 19.0 | 18.4 |
| ** Physical activity index | 2.1(0.6) | 2.2(0.7) | 2.3(0.7) | 2.3(0.7) | 2.5(0.8) | 2.8(0.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.9(7.0) | 29.5(5.8) | 28.1(4.9) | 28.8(6.3) | 27.6(4.8) | 26.0(4.1) |
| Diabetes | 23.6 | 24.2 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 10.6 | 7.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.5(10.9) | 75.4(10.9) | 75.1(11.7) | 71.0(10.2) | 71.6(9.9) | 70.9(9.6) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.5(20.5) | 125.3(20.5) | 124.9(21.6) | 121.3(18.6) | 119.7(17.7) | 118.4(17.5) |
| Hypertension | 56.1 | 52.6 | 44.9 | 32.4 | 28.7 | 25.1 |
| Antihypertensive medications | 46.0 | 47.7 | 42.3 | 28.8 | 25.7 | 23.4 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 208.9(40.7) | 213.3(42.8) | 208.3(40.2) | 210.2(42.4) | 208.8(37.3) | 210.0(37.4) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53.3(17.6) | 53.9(15.5) | 52.0(16.2) | 47.9(16.0) | 48.1(16.0) | 52.4(18.1) |
| Estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.6 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L), geometric mean (interquartile range) | 3.4(5.8) | 2.9(5.3) | 2.6(4.9) | 2.6(4.5) | 2.0(3.0) | 1.9(2.9) |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 53.6(26.7) | 43.2(18.0) | 41.8(15.8) | 46.1(17.7) | 40.8(14.6) | 36.2(12.1) |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 9.4(0.5) | 9.5(0.5) | 9.5(0.4) | 9.3(0.4) | 9.3(0.4) | 9.3(0.4) |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 3.6(0.5) | 3.6(0.5) | 3.6(0.5) | 3.5(0.5) | 3.5(0.5) | 3.5(0.5) |
| Magnesium (mEq/L) | 1.6(0.2) | 1.6(0.2) | 1.6(0.2) | 1.6(0.2) | 1.6(0.2) | 1.6(0.2) |
*
25(OH)D quintiles defined in the overall population. Quintile 1: <17.0; Quintile 2: 17.0–<21.6; Quintile 3: 21.6–<25.9; Quintile 5: 25.9–<31.0; Quintile 5: ≥31.0 ng/ml.
**
Assessed at ARIC Visit 1 (1987–1989).