Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Information
| Aerobic Exercise (n = 16) | Treatment as Usual (n = 17) | t/X 2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 36.56 (10.37) | 37.24 (9.85) | .19 | .85 |
| Sex (% female) | 37% | 35% | .02 | .89 |
| Ethnicity (% Hispanic) | 43% | 29% | .69 | .39 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 2 (12%) | 6 (35%) | 2.97 | .40 |
| Black/African-American | 6 (37%) | 6 (35%) | ||
| Asian | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | ||
| More than one race | 6 (37%) | 3 (18%) | ||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Positive (SAPS Global Scores Total) | 3.77 (3.37) | 3.46 (2.93) | .25 | .81 |
| Negative (SANS Global Scores Total) | 9.73 (4.24) | 8.54 (4.41) | .67 | .51 |
| Depression (BDI Total) | 7.81 (7.69) | 7.23 (8.57) | .20 | .84 |
| Anxiety (BAI Total) | 4.56 (4.40) | 5.82 (6.83) | .63 | .54 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine Equiv.) | 258.85 (232.51) | 439.73 (362.78) | 1.69 | .10 |
| Antidepressants (% yes) | 44% | 35% | .25 | .62 |
| SSRIs (% yes) | 31% | 23% | .25 | .62 |
| Smoking cigarettes (% yes) | 25% | 23% | .02 | .89 |
| If yes, how many per day? | 8.33 (9.27) | 6.50 (6.83) | .39 | .70 |
| Neurocognition (MCCB composite score) | 33.08 (11.21) | 34.23 (12.91) | .34 | .81 |
| Reading ability (WTAR total) | 32.50 (11.56) | 37.59 (7.95) | 1.48 | .15 |
| Aerobic fitness | ||||
| VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) | 21.21 (7.69) | 22.88 (4.41) | .77 | .45 |
| VO2 (L/min) | .34 (.06) | .32 (.06) | .77 | .45 |
| Body mass index | 31.60 (6.57) | 30.75 (5.51) | .40 | .69 |
| Weight (pounds) | 205.23 (44.79) | 204.32 (37.07) | .06 | .95 |
| Heart rate | 85.08 (16.16) | 90.84 (15.93) | .92 | .37 |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic | 112.92 (14.93) | 112.38 (10.54) | .11 | .92 |
| Diastolic | 70.31 (7.54) | 72.77 (7.86) | .81 | .42 |
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (ng/ml) | 28.1 (8.0) | 31.2 (6.5) | .34 | .29 |
Note: n = 33 (schizophrenia = 26; schizoaffective disorder = 7); SAPS, Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SANS, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SSRI, Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitor; MCCB, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.