Fig 2. Effect of BDSW on expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dynamic in C₂C₁₂ myotubes.

After C₂C₁₂ myotubes were incubated in DMEM containing desalinated water, BDSW at different levels of hardness or 1 mM AICAR (AC) for 24 h, expression of CPT1-α and MCAD for fatty acid oxidation and CytC for oxidative phosphorylation (A), TOMM 40 and TIMM 44 for mitochondrial protein import and DRP1 for mitochondrial fission (B), and OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2 for mitochondrial fusion (C) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Each value represents the mean ± SE of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01: significant difference vs. CON group. CON group: DMEM media treated control group; DS-W, desalinated water.