Table 1. Summary of endurance race details.
| Race | Sports | Distance (km) | No. of participants (average finishing time) | No. of study subjects/ average finishing time | Ambient temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marathon | Running | 42.2 | 2616 (3 hrs 58 mins ±37 mins) | 7 (2 hrs 59 mins ±30 mins) * | 16–20 |
| Long-triathlon | Swim/ ride/ run | 1.9/ 90/ 21.1 | 988 (5 hrs 22 mins ± 37 mins) | 11 (5 hrs 24 mins ± 25 mins) | 18–31 |
| Alpine cycling | Cycling | 207 | 2400 (10 hrs 24 mins ± 50 mins) | 9 (8 hrs 5 mins ± 42mins) * | 24–36 |
| Ultra-triathlon | Swim/ ride/ run | 3.8/ 180/ 42.2 | 1411 (12 hrs 8 mins ± 1hr 37 mins) | 13 (10 hrs 52 mins ±1 hr 16 mins)* | 17–28 |
*p<0.01 for comparison between subjects and overall competitor finishing times