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. 2015 Jun 15;5:11384. doi: 10.1038/srep11384

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Mice implanted with placebo or 75 mg slow-release morphine pellets (24 hours) were intra-nasally administered with pneumococcus lysate (PL) for 3 and 24 hours. Controls were maintained for 0 hours/no PL. At specified time-points, batches of animals (n = 5 or 6) were sacrificed and broncheo-alveolar lavage (BAL) was harvested using tracheal catheterization. IL-17 levels in the BAL of (a) Wild-type C57Bl6/j, (b) μ-opioid receptor knockout, (c) TLR2 knockout and (d) TLR4 knockout mice were determined using ELISA. (Error bars are SEM, ***p < 0.05 between placebo and morphine implanted animals within the same time-point).