Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of EnhanceFitness Users and Nonusers, Washington State, United States, 2005–2011.
| Traita | Nonusers, n = 55,127 | Consistent, n = 517 | Intermittent, n = 1,578 | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n (%) | ||||
| Mean age, y (range) | 74.1 (65–98) | 73.7 (65–95) | 75.0 (65–97) | <.001 |
| Female | 30,640 (55.6) | 381 (73.7) | 1,169 (74.1) | <.001 |
| Racec | ||||
| White | 45,471 (90.6) | 436 (85.5) | 1,356 (88.6) | <.001 |
| Black | 1418 (2.8) | 21 (4.2) | 60 (3.9) | |
| Asian | 2,420 (4.8) | 40 (7.9) | 96 (6.3) | |
| Other | 880 (1.8) | 7 (1.4) | 19 (1.2) | |
| Mean BMI,c kg/m2 (range) | 28.3 (7.4–77.1) | 26.9 (16.3–45.7) | 27.3 (14.9–49.4) | <.001 |
| <18.5 | 531 (1.0) | 4 (0.8) | 12 (0.8) | <.001 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 8,851 (16.1) | 142 (27.1) | 367 (24.0) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 11,142 (20.2) | 145 (28.1) | 428 (27.1) | |
| >30.0 | 34,603 (62.8) | 228 (44.1) | 771 (48.9) | |
| Smokerc | 4,359 (7.9) | 22 (4.3) | 59 (3.7) | <.001 |
| Charlson scored | 0.92 (0-18) | 0.63 (0-10) | 0.60 (0-10) | <.001 |
| Diagnosis in study period | ||||
| Diabetes | 10,984 (19.9) | 87 (16.8) | 278 (17.6) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 1,965 (3.6) | 9 (1.7) | 63 (4.0) | .002 |
| Walking disordere | 624 (1.1) | 9 (1.7) | 37 (2.3) | .09 |
| Osteoarthritis | 22,801 (41.4) | 277 (53.6) | 990 (62.7) | <.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 873 (1.6) | 22 (4.3) | 63 (4.0) | <.001 |
| Musculoskeletal conditionf | 27,254 (49.4) | 330 (63.8) | 1,151 (72.9) | <.001 |
| Visual impairmentg | 31,894 (57.9) | 371 (71.8) | 1,271 (80.5) | <.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 11,265 (20.4) | 99 (19.2) | 371 (23.5) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 28,598 (51.9) | 306 (59.2) | 1,053 (66.7) | <.001 |
| Use of sedatives or sleeping medication | 7,106 (12.9) | 43 (8.3) | 208 (13.2) | <.001 |
| Fall resulting in medical treatment | 16,834 (30.5) | 146 (28.2) | 672 (42.6) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; EF, EnhanceFitness.
Unless otherwise specified, traits are described at first enrollment. Analysis of variance (for continuous covariates) comparing trends in the covariate across levels of either EF or SS participation.
P values correspond to a Pearson’s χ2 analysis (for categorical covariates) or a 1-wayanalysis of variance (for continuous covariates) comparing trends in the covariate: race (6.1%), BMI (19.7%), and smoking (2.3%).
The following variables have missing values for some individuals: race (6.1%), BMI (19.7%), and smoking (2.3%). Percentages are approximate.
Charlson comorbidity score measures comorbidity based on the presence or absence of 19 conditions weighted for severity (continuous).
Includes difficulty walking (719.7), abnormal gait (781.2), and generalized weakness (728.87).
Includes arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and joint derangement (712–719).
Includes glaucoma (365), cataract (366), macular degeneration (362.50–362.53, 362.55, 362.63), and retinopathy (362.01–362.03, 362.10, 362.11, 362.2, 363.31).