Fig. 4.

Testosterone suppression is associated with enhanced prostate inflammation. A substantial CD3 positive lymphocyte infiltrate (brown immunoreactivity) was detected in the prostate glands of castrated mice compared to controls (a). Two weeks after testosterone supplementation, the T-cell numbers were substantially reduced relative to castrated mice before testosterone treatment (10 random fields under ×20 lens were examined for each animal, five animals in each treatment group; Student t test P = 0.0005) (b). Significantly more F4/80 positive macrophages (brown immunoreactivity) were detected in the prostates of castrated mice relative to normal controls. After testosterone replacement treatment, the number of macrophages was significantly reduced in the castrated mice (10 random fields under ×20 lens were examined for each animal, five animals in each treatment group; Student t test P = 0.0068) (c). A CD3 positive lymphocyte cell infiltrate and CD68 positive macrophage infiltrate (d) were detectable in the prostates of castrated men compared to eugonadal controls. Ten random fields under the ×20 lens were examined for each patient. Lymphocyte numbers increased from 6.158 ± 1.226/field, n = 5 in non-treated patients to 25.72 ± 5.600/field, n = 11 in men with suppressed testosterone (P = 0.0373), and macrophage numbers increased from 7.614 ± 2.545/field, n = 5 in non-treated patients to 24.22 ± 4.990/field, n = 11 in men with suppressed testosterone (P = 0.0494). Scale bar =50 μm, applied to all images