Table 1.
The comparison of the epidemiology, clinical features, complications, and clinical course among the three herpes viruses
| HSV | VZV | CMV acute | CMV chronic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 30–50 years | 50–70 years | 20–50 years | 40–70 years |
| Sex | Equal | Equal | Males (65%) | Males (80%) |
| Race | All | All | Predominantly Asian | Predominantly Asian |
| Laterality | Bilateral in 18% of eyes | Unilateral | Unilateral | Predominantly unilateral |
| Skin involvement | ± crops of vesicles | ± va dermatome blisters | None | None |
| Cornea | Scars 12%–33% Corneal involvement 57%–61% |
Scars 2.5%–9% Corneal involvement 58% |
± nodular endothelial lesions 26% |
± nodular endothelial lesions 60%, immune ring |
| Corneal sensation | Reduced | Reduced | Normal | Normal |
| KP | Granulomatous or nongranulomatous | Granulomatous or nongranulomatous | Granulomatous | Fine, stellate, diffuse ± pigmented |
| AC cells | Moderate | Moderate | Few | Moderate |
| AC flare | Moderate | Moderate | Minimal | Minimal |
| Pupil shape | May be irregular | May be irregular | Normal | Normal |
| Posterior synechiae | May be present 25%–38% | May be present 0%–40% | Absent | Absent |
| Iris atrophy | Sector or spiral 25%–46% | Sector, circular 25%–88% | Patchy or diffuse, rarely sector 43% | Diffuse or patchy 60% |
| IOP | Elevated 38%–90% | Elevated 40%–75% | Elevated 100% | Elevated 69% |
| Vitritis | 43% | 83% | 0% | 9% |
| Glaucoma | Present in 18%–54% | Present in 30%–40% | 23% | 36% |
| Cataract | Present in 28%–35% | Present in 27%–30% | 23% | 75% |
| Recurrence | In 15%–65% | In 13%–51% | 100% | NA |
Abbreviations: HSV, herpes simplex virus; VZV, varicella-zoster virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; va, cranial nerve V1; KP, keratic precipitate; AC, anterior chamber; IOP, intraocular pressure.