Table 2.
Characteristics of benchmark cohort
| Variable | N (%) | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size, final | 6,717 (100) | |
| Age (years) | 69 (10.7) | |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 3,319 (49.4) | |
| Male | 3,398 (50.6) | |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 5,783 (86.1) | |
| African American | 180 (2.7) | |
| Asian | 31 (0.5) | |
| Other/unknown | 723 (10.8) | |
| US region | ||
| Midwest | 3,956 (58.9) | |
| South | 1,529 (22.8) | |
| West | 878 (13.1) | |
| Northeast | 173 (2.6) | |
| Other/unknown | 181 (2.7) | |
| Outcomes in the 12 months post index | ||
| Comorbidity | ||
| Asthma | 1,536 (22.9) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 840 (12.5) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 2,186 (32.5) | |
| Depression | 851 (12.7) | |
| COPD medication of interest | ||
| Inhaled corticosteroid | 937 (13.9) | 0.21 (0.6) |
| Inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonists | 2,832 (42.4) | 0.72 (1.08) |
| Long-acting beta agonists | 226 (3.4) | 0.05 (0.3) |
| Long-acting muscarinic antagonists | 2,219 (33.0) | 0.53 (0.93) |
| COPD-related symptoms | ||
| Cough | 3,958 (58.9) | 2.93 (5.49) |
| Reduced ability to perform activities | 2,166 (32.2) | 1.07 (3.13) |
| Shortness of breath | 4,284 (63.8) | 3.48 (5.48) |
| Wheezing | 2,931 (43.6) | 1.47 (3.11) |
| Exacerbations | 1,296 (19.3) | 0.3 (0.78) |
| All-cause resource utilization | ||
| Emergency room visit | 583 (8.7) | 0.17 (0.78) |
| Hospitalization | 596 (8.9) | 0.15 (0.56) |
| Office visit | 5,464 (81.3) | 9.5 (11.12) |