Table 2.
Results of unadjusted and adjusted regression models for associations between achievement of different blood pressure targets and cognitive test performances (outcome variables)
| Explanatory variables | Cognitive test performance
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMT A | TMT B | 10-word test | MMSE | Clock Drawing Test* | |
| SBP ≤125 | |||||
| Univariate | 4.20 (−14.6, 23.0) | −12.8 (−47.5, 21.9) | −0.72 (−3.76, 2.32) | 0.02 (−2.05, 2.09) | 1.06 (0.52, 2.15) |
| Adjusted** | 0.23 (−19.1, 19.6) | −20.2 (−55.1, 14.8) | −0.47 (−3.65, 2.72) | 0.56 (−1.20, 2.32) | 1.25 (0.44, 3.53) |
| SBP ≤140 | |||||
| Univariate | 1.98 (−14.5, 18.4) | 6.91 (−22.8, 36.6) | −0.74 (−3.42, 1.94) | 0.09 (−1.92, 1.74) | 1.29 (0.69, 2.42) |
| Adjusted** | 2.23 (−15.3, 19.8) | 21.3 (−10.8, 53.3) | −1.78 (−4.70, 1.14) | −0.45 (−2.06, 1.16) | 1.96 (0.75, 5.09) |
| SBP ≤160 | |||||
| Univariate | −23.8 (−51.9, 4.30) | −21.3 (−76.9, 34.3) | 2.39 (−2.19, 6.97) | 2.04 (−0.98, 5.07) | 0.69 (0.25, 1.95) |
| Adjusted** | −21.3 (−47.8, 5.09) | 5.74 (−44.9, 56.4) | −1.24 (−5.87, 3.38) | 0.005 (−2.47, 2.48) | 1.95 (0.45, 8.41) |
| SBP reduction ≥10 | |||||
| Univariate | 11.5 (−8.31, 31.4) | 0.83 (−34.6, 36.3) | −0.19 (−3.27, 2.89) | −0.51 (−2.68, 1.66) | 1.56 (0.77, 3.17) |
| Adjusted** | 7.32 (−13.7, 28.4) | −11.7 (−49.3, 26.0) | −0.77 (−4.06, 2.51) | 0.07 (−1.92, 1.78) | 1.79 (0.63, 5.13) |
| DBP reduction ≥5 | |||||
| Univariate | −1.88 (−18.4, 14.6) | 4.64 (−25.1, 34.4) | 1.03 (−1.68, 3.74) | 0.58 (−1.34, 2.50) | 1.10 (0.59, 2.04) |
| Adjusted** | 2.08 (−15.6, 19.8) | 12.5 (−18.3, 43.4) | −0.35 (−3.23, 2.52) | −0.29 (−1.88, 1.29) | 0.65 (0.25, 1.70) |
Notes: Data are regression coefficient (95% CI) unless specified otherwise.
Odds ratio;
adjusted for age, sex, education, Apo E alleles, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, current smoking, hip-waist-ratio, physical activity, NIHSS day 1, IQCODE (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly), HADS, OCSP, Barthel ADL index, and stroke type.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TMT A, trail making test A; TMT B, trail making test B ; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; OCSP, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; ADL, Activities of daily living.