Table 2.
The mRNA expression of PER1, VEGF, KI67, C-MYC, and P53 in normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesion, and cancer at six different time points in 24 hours (mean ± SD, n=5)
| Gene | Group | Time point
|
P1-value | P2-value | P3-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 HALO | 8 HALO | 12 HALO | 16 HALO | 20 HALO | 24 HALO | |||||
| PER1 | N | 0.82±0.07 | 0.91±0.08 | 1.84±0.12 | 2.58±0.08 | 1.83±0.13 | 1.60±0.05 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000a (F=73.324) |
| P | 1.93±0.17 | 1.80±0.03 | 1.28±0.21 | 0.98±0.61 | 0.41±0.07 | 0.81±0.11 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| C | 0.32±0.11 | 0.91±0.22 | 0.66±0.22 | 1.39±0.19 | 1.63±0.17 | 0.38±0.22 | 0.000 | 0.003 | ||
| VEGF | N | 2.12±0.14 | 2.53±0.18 | 3.91±0.16 | 1.39±0.15 | 1.81±0.14 | 1.79±0.12 | 0.000 | 0.0062 | 0.000a (F=469.509) |
| P | 5.81±0.36 | 4.87±0.22 | 3.99±0.12 | 1.42±0.11 | 2.13±0.21 | 2.84±0.36 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| C | 7.43±0.89 | 6.34±0.97 | 5.89±0.54 | 4.67±0.51 | 7.33±0.63 | 9.51±0.84 | 0.000 | 0.0002 | ||
| KI67 | N | 1.37±0.37 | 0.54±0.18 | 0.77±0.19 | 0.37±0.10 | 0.97±0.27 | 1.10±0.44 | 0.010 | 0.0115 | 0.000a (F=31.144) |
| P | 0.64±0.25 | 1.36±0.27 | 0.78±0.43 | 2.03±0.93 | 2.25±0.56 | 0.99±0.36 | 0.011 | 0.0246 | ||
| C | 2.62±0.53 | 1.77±0.15 | 1.71±0.28 | 1.62±0.31 | 2.59±0.39 | 1.03±0.25 | 0.001 | 0.9183 | ||
| C-MYC | N | 2.37±0.43 | 2.38±0.38 | 2.14±0.20 | 1.28±0.45 | 0.96±0.36 | 1.13±0.31 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000b (F=19.542) |
| P | 5.88±0.65 | 4.30±1.59 | 1.72±0.86 | 2.33±0.58 | 2.69±0.68 | 3.45±1.79 | 0.008 | 0.0026 | ||
| C | 5.41±2.29 | 3.04±0.30 | 2.66±0.24 | 2.85±0.29 | 5.70±3.59 | 5.67±0.56 | 0.052 | 0.0128 | ||
| P53 | N | 1.09±0.26 | 1.86±0.27 | 2.64±0.22 | 3.82±0.62 | 4.44±1.40 | 6.20±1.59 | 0.000 | 0.0032 | 0.000a (F=48.358) |
| P | 2.64±0.63 | 2.06±0.33 | 1.23±0.28 | 2.15±0.20 | 2.63±0.62 | 3.28±0.87 | 0.011 | 0.007 | ||
| C | 1.37±0.21 | 0.84±0.17 | 0.71±0.10 | 1.63±0.17 | 1.65±0.42 | 1.40±0.34 | 0.003 | 0.0021 | ||
Notes: P<0.05 represents that there is a significant difference. P1 represents the results of the differences in the expression of each gene at six time points in each group analyzed by one-way ANOVA. P2 represents the results of the daily rhythm of expressions of each gene in each group analyzed by single cosine test. P3 represents the results of the average differences in the expressions of each gene in three groups analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Superscripts “a” and “b” represent the results of the intergroup differences analyzed by Student–Newman–Keuls test after the one-way ANOVA, as follows:
There are mutual significant differences in three groups.
There are significant differences between P or C group and N group, but there is no significant difference between P and C groups.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; n, numbers; HALO, hours after light onset; N, normal buccal mucosa; P, precancerous lesion; C, cancer; ANOVA, analysis of variance.